United States holiday
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
- BBC News - Juneteenth: How the US holiday is being celebrated
- The New York Times - Juneteenth: The History of a Holiday
- Khan Academy - Juneteenth
- Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Juneteenth
- NPR - Slavery Didn't End On Juneteenth. What You Should Know About This Important Day
Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
- Juneteenth - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
- Juneteenth - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Thank you for your feedback
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
External Websites
- BBC News - Juneteenth: How the US holiday is being celebrated
- The New York Times - Juneteenth: The History of a Holiday
- Khan Academy - Juneteenth
- Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Juneteenth
- NPR - Slavery Didn't End On Juneteenth. What You Should Know About This Important Day
Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
- Juneteenth - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
- Juneteenth - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
Also known as: Black Independence Day, Emancipation Day, Jubilee Day, Juneteenth Independence Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day
Written and fact-checked by
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: •Article History
Juneteenth celebration
See all media
- Official name of federal holiday:
- Juneteenth National Independence Day
- Also called:
- Emancipation Day, Freedom Day, Jubilee Day, Black Independence Day, and Juneteenth Independence Day
- Key People:
- Opal Lee
- Related Topics:
- United States
- African Americans
- June
- slavery in the United States
- emancipation
See all related content →
Top Questions
What is Juneteenth?
What is Juneteenth?
Juneteenth is a holiday commemorating the end of slavery in the United States. It is also called Emancipation Day or Juneteenth Independence Day. The name “Juneteenth” references the date of the holiday, combining the words “June” and “nineteenth.”
When is Juneteenth?
When is Juneteenth?
Juneteenth is celebrated annually on June 19.
What is the origin of Juneteenth?
What is the origin of Juneteenth?
Juneteenth was originally celebrated in Texas, on June 19, 1866. It marked the first anniversary of the day that Black people there first learned of the Emancipation Proclamation, more than two years after it was initially issued. The holiday was originally celebrated with prayer meetings and by singing spirituals and wearing new clothes to represent newfound freedom. Within a few years, African Americans were celebrating Juneteenth in other states, making it an annual tradition. Learn more.
Is Juneteenth a federal holiday?
Is Juneteenth a federal holiday?
Juneteenth is a federal holiday in the United States. Legislation establishing the holiday was passed by Congress on June 16, 2021, and signed into law by U.S. President Joe Biden the following day. Opal Lee, known as the “Grandmother ofJuneteenth,” was integral to making Juneteenth a national holiday.
Juneteenth had previously been established as a state holiday in Texas in 1980, with a number of other states later declaring it a state holiday or day of observance.
How is Juneteenth celebrated?
How is Juneteenth celebrated?
Juneteenth celebrations in the United States typically include prayer and religious services, speeches, educational events, family gatherings and picnics, and festivals with food, music, and dancing. The day is also celebrated outside the United States and is used to recognize the end of slavery as well as to celebrate the culture and achievements of Black Americans.
How did the American civil rights movement affect Juneteenth celebrations?
How did the American civil rights movement affect Juneteenth celebrations?
Juneteenth celebrations in the United States declined in the 1960s, overshadowed by the civil rights movement. However, the holiday began to regain its importance in 1968 when the Poor People’s Campaign, originally led by Martin Luther King, Jr., held a Juneteenth Solidarity Day. Interest in Juneteenth continued to increase in the following decades, and the first state-sponsored Juneteenth celebration was held in Texas in 1980.
Recent News
July 20, 2024, 2:17 PM ET (AP)
Biden praises longtime US Rep Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas, who died of cancer
Juneteenth, holiday commemorating the end of slavery in the United States, observed annually on June 19.
(Read Charles Blow’s Britannica essay on the Juneteenth holiday.)
In 1863, during the American Civil War, Pres. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared more than three million enslaved people living in the Confederate states to be free. More than two years would pass, however, before the news reached African Americans living in Texas. It was not until Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865, that the state’s residents finally learned that slavery had been abolished. The formerly enslaved immediately began to celebrate with prayer, feasting, song, and dance.
The following year, on June 19, the first official Juneteenth celebrations took place in Texas. The original observances included prayer meetings and the singing of spirituals, and celebrants wore new clothes as a way of representing their newfound freedom. Within a few years, African Americans in other states were celebrating the day as well, making it an annual tradition. Celebrations have continued across the United States into the 21st century and typically include prayer and religious services, speeches, educational events, family gatherings and picnics, and festivals with music, food, and dancing.
Juneteenth became a state holiday in Texas in 1980, and a number of other states subsequently followed suit. In 2021 Juneteenth was made a federal holiday, in part because of the actions of activist Opal Lee to raise awareness. The day is also celebrated outside the United States, being used by organizations in a number of countries to recognize the end of slavery and to honor the culture and achievements of African Americans.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Tracy Grant.